Skim is quite dated but it does have a Mac desktop app which also works natively on the latest Apple Silicon Macs. Skim is designed for academic more as a note taking software than a PDF editor but for adding notes to PDFs and bookmarking pages, it’s a free and easy solution. Skim is an open source free PDF reader that allows you to do basic editing of PDFs such as annotations, adding comments and form filling. You can download LibreOffice for Mac for free to try it for yourself. LibreOffice is one of the more limited free PDF tools but it is a desktop app if you prefer something that doesn’t just work in a browser or store PDFs in the Cloud. LibreOffice Draw also allows you to create PDFs from scratch and convert Word documents to PDF. You may find that the formatting gets messed-up when you open PDF files in LibreOffice Draw though with objects and text boxes in the wrong position. You can open and edit PDFs in LibreOffice using the “Draw” app which is mainly designed for image editing. LibreOffice is a free alternative to Microsoft Office for Mac and allows you to open and edit PDFs for free.
0 Comments
![]() This experiment provided him with evidence that the majority of an atom’s mass was contained in the center of the atom. Rutherford, in an experiment that is now famously referred to as the Gold Foil Experiment, saw that while most alpha particles passed right through the gold foil, a few deflected to the side and some even bounced back. The atomic theory was further expanded upon in 1911 when Thomson’s colleague Ernest Rutherford began experimenting with alpha particles to probe the atomic structure of gold foil. Give two other examples in which science may be influenced by a researcher’s culture, background, or society. Can you think of any other common day example we could use to model Thomson’s atom? This is an example of how scientific knowledge might be subjective to the scientist’s background. THINK – For modern day scientists like yourself, plum pudding may not be a relevant comparison. In case you are not familiar, the picture to the below is of a plum pudding. He hypothesized that these particles were contained in positively charged atoms, much like plums in a traditional English plum pudding. Using this tool he discovered electrons, which are small particles with a negative electric charge. Thomson began experimenting with a cathode ray tube, which is shown in the diagram to the left. ![]() ThomsonĪn addition to Dalton’s atomic theory occurred in 1897 when English physicist J.J. What do you think were some of the reasons for this? Does the society we live in drive scientific progress or does scientific progress drive our societies? Explain your reasoning. THINK – It took over 2000 years to develop empirical evidence to support the atomic theory. He has also been memorialized in the chemistry field by the designation of the atomic mass unit as a Dalton. Since Dalton’s conclusions are based on an empirical analysis of experimental results, this is the first officially scientific atomic theory. Dalton’s work led him to develop the Law of Conservation of Mass (matter can neither be created nor destroyed) and Law of Constant Composition (elements combine in a fixed ratio to make up molecules). A chemical reaction results in the rearrangement of atoms in the reactant and product compounds.Compounds are produced through different whole-number combinations of atoms (“compounds” to be named “molecules” later).The atoms of different elements vary in size and mass.Everything is composed of atoms, which are indivisible building blocks of matter and cannot be destroyed.The Five Main Points of Dalton’s Atomic Theory This remained true until 1803, when an English chemist, John Dalton, came up with actual experimental evidence for the existence of atoms. For example, copper and chlorine can form a green, crystalline solid with a mass ratio of 0.558 g chlorine to 1 g copper, as well as a brown crystalline solid with a mass ratio of 1.116 g chlorine to 1 g copper.Maharshi Kanada’s atomic theory (or Democritus’s theory, depending on who you are reading) was largely a secondary interest for the majority of scientists since there was no evidence to support it. The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers. For example, there are many compounds other than isooctane that also have a carbon-to-hydrogen mass ratio of 5.33:1.00.ĭalton also used data from Proust, as well as results from his own experiments, to formulate another interesting law. ![]() That is, samples that have the same mass ratio are not necessarily the same substance. ![]() It is worth noting that although all samples of a particular compound have the same mass ratio, the converse is not true in general. This integral value can be found by plotting the graph of Cp / T versus T followed by determining the area of this curve starting from 0 to T.Based on the third law of thermodynamics, S 0 = 0 at 0 K, thus,.In the case of solids, if S 0 is the entropy at 0 degree K and S is the entropy at T degree K, then:.Such conclusions are derived from the measurements of the heat capacity of the substance. ![]() One of the prime applications of the third law of thermodynamics is that it supports calculating the absolute entropy at any particular temperature (T). Therefore, a perfect crystal entropy at absolute zero temperature is zero.Īpplication of the Third Law of Thermodynamics While zero is selected as the system’s initial entropy, its value of ‘S’ can be obtained as follows:.In the case of a perfect crystal with only 1 unique ground state, Ω = 1. Ω specifies the total number of microstates consistent with the macroscopic configuration of the system.In statistical mechanics the equation representing the third law of thermodynamics is as follows: Third Law of Thermodynamics - Mathematical Explanation The SI units representing entropy are J/K (joules/degrees Kelvin).An isothermal process states when the heat change (Q) is divided by the absolute temperature (T), it results in a change in entropy (ΔS).Chemical complexity results in higher entropy.Hard and brittle materials have lower entropy than pliable solids like metals.Dissolving gas in water lowers the entropy.Mixing of solids and liquids results in higher entropy. ![]()
![]() If you still can, take a couple steps back to solid ground. So the first step is to keep calm, resist the urge to flail around, and act fast. Sudden big movements will also disturb the soil underneath you more and get you stuck even deeper. While it can be frightening, panicking will only unnecessarily drain you and put you in a much worse situation. Usually found near bodies of water, sinking in quicksand often takes just a couple of seconds and getting out of one by yourself can be difficult without help. Quicksand is loose soil saturated with water. But don’t worry, here are a couple of steps that you can take so you can try to extract yourself from one. While it isn’t usually as dangerous as you may think, being in one can still be panic-inducing. Quicksand can usually be found near bodies of water like rivers and lakes, and some of them can even “move around” depending on different conditions. Quicksand is loose, fine soil that’s saturated with water and may appear solid until it’s abruptly disturbed by changes in the environment and it liquefies. Extricating a person from this takes at least two passersby, if not a full-fledged rescue team.įor more information on quicksand, other natural disasters and related topics, check out the links on the next page.Are you getting that sinking feeling? It may not be just anxiety, you might have stepped on quicksand. The sand has to be at just the right moisture for this to happen and the person has to be at least thigh-deep with both legs. ![]() There have been many cases where people have gotten their legs trapped in quicksand and haven't been able to escape on their own. Once you've pulled your foot out, roll away from the area, jump up very quickly and sprint to solid ground. Continue to work at freeing your foot, using slow motions so that you don't work your foot in deeper. What you should do instead is fall forward and try to spread the weight of your body over a large area of ground. This movement actually worsens the predicament. At this point, a sort of seesaw motion happens - with the person alternating their weight back and forth, trying to get a foot out of the quicksand. One of the most common reactions once a person finds his or her foot stuck is to shift weight to the other foot. So, if you find yourself in sand that's less saturated (think of concrete), there's a better method to try. The sand-to- water ratio of quicksand can vary, causing some quicksand to be less able to support weight. This approach works best in quicksand that's fairly well saturated. The best thing to do if you fall into deep quicksand is to make slow movements and bring yourself to the surface, then just lie back. You'll only succeed in forcing yourself further down into the liquid sandpit. The worst thing to do is to thrash around in the sand and move your arms and legs through the mixture. If a person has a higher percentage of body fat, it's possible he or she will have a very slight advantage and be more buoyant - and will float to the top more quickly. But once each victim is in up to his or her knees or so, weight doesn't really matter. ![]() So at first, the heavier person might sink more quickly. According to Dumouchelle, once you've stepped into quicksand, it's your weight that initially causes you to sink. However, your movements can cause you to dig yourself deeper into it. If you step into quicksand, you actually won't be sucked down. The most common misconception about quicksand is that it's some kind of living, bottomless pit of sand that actually pulls you down into it. Most people who drown in quicksand, or any liquid for that matter, usually panic and begin flailing their arms and legs. Quicksand is denser than water - it has a density of about 125 pounds per cubic foot (2 g/cm³) - which means you can float more easily on quicksand than on water. If you have a low percentage of body fat, you're going to be denser, but the air trapped in your lungs will still let you float. OK, so now we know how it works - but what happens when two people stumble into some quicksand? The average human body has a density of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot (1 g/cm³) and is able to float on water. The affected area becomes unstable, causing buildings or other objects on that surface to sink or fall over. Earthquakes: The immense force of the earthquake agitates the sand or dirt, sifting it apart, so that friction between the particles is reduced.The sand takes on a more fluid-like quality. As the sand becomes saturated with water, the friction between the sand particles is reduced. Flowing underground water: The water seeps up into the sand, creating a tiny pocket between each sand granule. ![]() ![]() You can play a focused version of the game by. These and much more funny gameplays are waiting for you in the amazing Christmas games on our website. 25 Fun & Easy Christmas Games for Kids at School. Online Holiday Bingo is a fun and familiar game you can play at your virtual holiday party. ![]() Make a snowman, solve some snowy puzzles and don't let Grinch steal the Christmas. Get into the nice winter and Christmas spirit playing our fun online Christmas games. is a kids website that features over 10000 online and printable activities including over 400 games, tutorials, simulations, videos. Help a kid to write a letter to Santa Claus and Saint Nick and hope to find as many presents as possible under the Christmas tree.Īccomplish Santa's mission with the help of elves and flying reindeer, in our free Christmas games. Decorate your virtual house and Christmas tree to score a lot of points in the best Christmas games online. Ĭhristmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most commonly on December 25. Here you will find free games filled with Christmas spirit for groups and families. Pop out your mobile phone and just play hangman with the kids until the bell rings. Also, a perfect lesson plan for teachers ready to checkout for Christmas break. Get those little hands busy with a reindeer paper craft activity. Play these fun, free Christmas games just for kids How good are you at stacking presents, sorting letters or throwing. Play football with the whole family kicking wrapped gifts in the fun Christmas games on . Think of Christmas music, pasttimes, and holiday characters. 30 Christmas Activities for Kindergarten to Create Holiday Memories. Christmas Games are free holiday puzzle and adventure games for kids and adults. Learn how to wrap presents for a party or escape a nightmare before Christmas in our online games. ![]() But one that you’re likely most interested in is the download number. This is usually lower than your overall plan speed. So you can easily average speed test results, compare maximum speeds and research logged results for Comcast Business. How to test your Wi-Fi speed What is a good internet speed A good internet speed is at least 25Mbps download and 3Mbps upload. When you test your connection using our free Internet Speed Test, you’ll see a few numbers pop upfor download, upload, ping and jitter. This test is measuring the amount of speed available to a certain device at a certain time. The Speed to Gateway Test measures the speed of the Xfinity Internet connection to your xFi Gateway and is only accessible through the Xfinity app (mobile). This tool can average connection speed for any Internet provider, country or city in the world. 's speed test database stores information on millions of Internet connections. Nutzen Sie Speedtest mit unseren kostenlosen Desktop- und Handy-Apps auf allen Ihren Gerten. Use Speedtest on all your devices with our free desktop and mobile apps. Test My Download Speed Test My Upload Speedĭo you want to research connection speed for Comcast Business? 's Download Speed Test and Upload Speed Test log connection information to allow users to research real world Internet speed test results. Erfahre, wie du von professionellen Netzwerkleistungsdaten profitieren kannst. Learn how to benefit from enterprise-level data on network performance. They want you to think your connection is running perfectly. This test is unbiased, it tests and grades all providers on the same criteria. When providers host their own speed tests they eliminate the variables that you're here to test. This speed test will test the download and upload speed of your internet connection along with other diagnostic details in just a few seconds. ![]() A gateway speed test checks the speed between your AT&T Wi-Fi gateway and our network. Expected WiFi speed under good conditions with a compatible service plan and router. You can run the test through a cellular (mobile) network, a wired broadband connection, or your home Wi-Fi. A third party opinion is necessary and the provider shouldn't be allowed anywhere near the process. The device speed test checks the speed between your smartphone, tablet, computer, or other device and the internet. We believe that it's a conflict of interest when Internet service providers operate their own speed tests. ![]() If you are eager to get that video without considering the cost, we have your back! We will give you tips on watching and downloading your favorite Ullu web series for FREE! But before you keep reading, always remember follow the rules of offical ullu platforms, download ullu video within legal permission. ![]() Note: As mentioned above, you can’t download Ullu web series videos if you are not a subscriber. To log in, you are required to input your mobile number. After that, you will see the Login or Register. You will see the More icon on the upper right corner, then click. Here are the simple ways for you to download your favorite Ullu web series video: But before that, you are required to subscribe to be able to watch and download your desired Ullu web series. Ullu allows users to download the web series for offline viewing. How to Download Ullu Web Series for Offline Streaming It reduces exposure to potential privacy breaches with streaming content over the internet. Storing downloaded content on devices ensures a higher privacy level than online streaming. This eliminates frustrations associated with buffering or playback interruptions. In areas with poor connectivity, offline streaming ensures an uninterrupted viewing experience. This is the perfect option for individuals with limited data. By downloading videos in advance, you can save on data costs. This becomes incredibly useful during travel, whether on flights, long train journeys, or road trips. Downloading content for offline viewing eliminates the need for a consistent internet connection. Watching the Ullu web series offline offers various advantages that align with different scenarios. What's more, Ullu lets you download each series to watch offline! The Benefits of Ullu Web Series Video Offline Streaming Ullu's web series brings a mix of exciting stories, giving you different experiences every time you watch. They take you on adventures, make you laugh, and sometimes even challenge what you think. What's cool about Ullu is how they mix entertainment with stories with deeper meanings. They're known for telling bold and sometimes different kinds of stories that make you think. They're so good that you'll want to keep watching one after another. Once you start watching them, you might not want to stop because the stories are so interesting. Ullu's web series are really exciting and have a lot of thrills, tension, and romantic moments. ![]() Got Problem with Your Downloaded Ullu’s Web Series? ![]() Along with this, you will need to be good at prioritizing your time if you want to be successful in Papa’s Freezeria. The objective is to serve customers by taking their ice cream and sundae orders, crafting frozen. In this game, players take on the role of an employee working at Papa's Freezeria, a tropical ice cream shop on the beautiful Calypso Island. Understanding how to disperse your efforts into different tasks is one of the most important things in this game. Papa's Freezeria is a popular time management and restaurant simulation game developed by Flipline Studios. It also definitely falls under the genre of a time management game. This is why, despite the gameplay being slightly different, Papa’s Freezeria still feels pretty similar to other business games like Coffee Shop and Lemonade Stand. Players must perform tasks in order to earn coins. For one, Papa’s Freezeria is a classic business game. There are quite a few different genres that Papa’s Freezeria can go under. Freezeria was immediately praised as one of the best games in the Papa’s franchise, with its smooth gameplay, fun food preparation processes, and overall satisfying gaming experience. It was one of the earlier games in the Papa’s Franchise, although it was still released 6 years after the original Papa's Pizzeria. ![]() Papa’s Freezeria was invented by Flipline Studios in late 2013. If you are someone who thinks that Papa’s Pizzeria is just a little bit too simple, then Papa’s Freezeria is a perfect choice. math skills but also gives your kid a role when you ask 'How far is it to I -78. This involves different kinds of ice creams, fruits, and toppings. Have a flippin fun time in Papas Pancakeria In this game, Papa Louie has left you alone to take care of the store. cool if I punched this heavy kid who everyone was making fun of. For example, creating sundaes has even more toppings and processes than making a pizza. Papa’s Freezeria has a few features that really differentiate it from Papa’s Pizzeria. ![]() How is this game different from Papa’s Pizzeria? This means you can play Papa’s Freezeria to your heart’s content. As of December 2022, Papa’s Freezeria is able to be played on Coolmath Games without Adobe Flash Player. ![]() Continue giving treats to your puppy at the level of your knee or hip as you walk forward.Take one step forward and encourage them to follow by giving another treat as they catch up.Then, stand next to your puppy with the leash in a loose loop and give them several treats in a row for standing or sitting next to your leg.Give your puppy treats as you put the leash on each time. ![]() This can feel strange at first, and some puppies may bite the leash. First, make sure your puppy is comfortable wearing a leash.But be consistent about where you want them, so they don’t get confused and learn to zig-zag in front of you. Whether your puppy walks on your left side or your right side is completely up to you. Whatever cue you choose, be consistent and always use the same word. Some trainers prefer to say “let’s go” or “forward” instead of “heel.” Puppy training can be a little more relaxed, with the goal being that they walk politely on a loose leash without pulling. In competition obedience training, “heel” means the dog is walking on your left side with their head even with your knee while you hold the leash loosely. Read more about how to teach your dog to come when called. Always reward your dog heavily for responding to their name, even if they have been up to mischief! Never call your dog to punish! This will only teach them that you are unpredictable and that it is a good idea to avoid you. If your puppy is timid, kneel and face them sideways and offer treats as you reach for the collar. This can be confusing or frightening for some dogs. When your puppy comes to you, don’t reach out and grab them. When training outside (always in a safe, enclosed area), it may be helpful to keep your puppy on a long leash at first. Coming to you should be fun! Continue building on these games with longer distances and in other locations. When they catch you, give them a lot of praise, treats, or play with a tug toy.They should run after you because chase is fun! Once your puppy can turn around to face you, begin adding movement and making the game more fun! Toss a treat on the ground and take a few quick steps away while calling your puppy’s name.Instead, move closer to your puppy and go back to a step where they can be successful at responding to their name the first time. Note: Avoid repeating your puppy’s name saying it too often when they don’t respond makes it easier for them to ignore it. Repeat this a couple of times until you can begin tossing the treat a little further away, and they can turn around to face you when you say their name.When they look up, give them another treat. As soon as your puppy finishes the treat on the ground, say their name again. Next, drop a treat on the floor near you.They don’t have to do anything yet! Just repeat the word and give a treat. Each time you say “come/name,” give your puppy a treat.Sit with your puppy and say their name or the word “come.”.You’ll want to begin training a recall (come when called) in a quiet area and indoors. If your puppy gets bored or frustrated, it will ultimately be counterproductive to learning. If your puppy is having trouble learning a new behavior, end the session by reviewing something they already know and give them plenty of praise and a big reward for their success. Always keep training sessions brief-just five to 10 minutes-and always end on a positive note. Puppies can begin very simple training starting as soon as they come home, usually around 8 weeks old. Food is often the most convenient way to reinforce behavior. If you give the dog a treat while saying “Good dog!” in a happy voice, they will learn that praise is a good thing and can be a reward. Lavish praise or the chance to play with a favorite toy can also be used as a reward. Most people use small pieces of a “high-value” food for training treats- something special, such as freeze-dried liver or even just their kibble. Reinforcement can be anything your dog likes. Patience will go a long way in helping your new puppy learn how to behave. It is important to remember that we can’t expect dogs to know what they don’t yet know–just like you wouldn’t expect a 2-year-old child to know how to tie their shoes. Punishment can cause a dog to become confused and unsure about what is being asked of them. The idea is not to bribe with the behavior but to train it using something your dog values.Īvoid using punishment such as leash corrections or yelling. ![]() Positive reinforcement is the process of giving a dog (or person!) a reward to encourage the behavior you want, like getting a paycheck for going to work. The foundation of training should be based on positive reinforcement. This will make them feel secure in their ability to meet the goals laid out going forward. To start off on the right foot (and paw!) with your pup, they’ll need to know what you expect. ![]() ![]() Disk Management allows users to perform basic tasks such as creating, deleting, and formatting partitions, as well as extending or shrinking them.ĭiskpart command, on the other hand, is a command-line tool that provides more advanced and flexible options for managing disk partitions and volumes. It can be accessed through the Computer Management console or the Windows Control Panel. While both Diskpart command and Disk Management can be used to manage disk partitions and volumes in Windows, they have some key differences in terms of functionality and usability.ĭisk Management is a graphical tool that provides a user-friendly interface for managing disk partitions and volumes. The Diskpart command provides a more powerful and flexible alternative to the graphical Disk Management tool in Windows, as it allows users to perform advanced disk-related tasks such as creating, deleting, formatting, resizing, and assigning drive letters to partitions and volumes. It is a part of the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) and Windows NT command line interface. ![]() Definitionĭiskpart is a command-line tool in Windows that allows users to manage their disk partitions and volumes. Additionally, it will cover best practices when using Diskpart, including safety tips, backup and restore methods, and error handling. This article aims to provide an overview of Diskpart command, including its definition, uses, and how to use it. Diskpart is particularly useful for advanced users and system administrators who need to perform disk-related tasks efficiently and quickly. It has been a part of the Windows operating system since Windows XP and is still relevant in the latest versions of Windows. Diskpart is a powerful command-line tool in Windows that enables users to manage their hard drives, partitions, and volumes. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |